Bitumen is a heavy hydrocarbon-based material primarily derived from the heavier fractions of crude oil. It is commercially available in various grades, including Penetration Grades, Viscosity Grades, and specialized grades.

Due to its excellent adhesion, water resistance, durability, and binding properties, bitumen is widely used in road construction, waterproofing, roofing, insulation, and various construction applications.

Bitumen generally has a high flash point, typically in the range of approximately 230–280°C, depending on the product type and grade.